Mark A. Raker
MRJ Inc.
10455 White Granite Drive
Oakton, Virginia 22124
email:
mraker@mrj.com
1.0 Overview The RApid Scenario Preparation UniT for INtelligence (RASPUTIN) is an automated, knowledge-engineered, rule-based scripting tool that allows the user to build a detailed scenario with minimal input. RASPUTIN uses expert system software to compose, deploy and move military forces from major unit down to vehicle in a doctrinally accurate manner RASPUTIN may be used to construct intelligence scenarios for a variety of training and exercise support applications. The system reached initial operating capability in March 1992; version 1.2 was released in June 1993. Recently, it has been deployed at several U.S. ARMY installations around the world. 2.0 Scope RASPUTIN is intended to generate detailed, doctrinally correct military deployment scenarios for collection simulators. Its software includes databases of military organizations and equipment for Blue and Red forces, geographic products, weather, and fixed sites. An expert system contains doctrinal rules used to generate correct deployments considering force composition, terrain, road networks, slope and weather. The system is capable of deploying military units from major force (corps, air force or fleet) down to the individual vehicle with its associated emitters. RASPUTIN scenarios can be used for any military application, or for any scenario that can be described as placement and movement of groups of vehicles, ships or airplanes. 3.0 Modeling Conventions and Assumptions RASPUTIN databases contain generic tables of organization and equipment (TO&E) for Blue, Orange, and GRAY ground, air and naval forces. Generic Blue organization, equipment and deployment doctrine are derived from U.S. military field manuals; generic Orange organization, equipment and deployment doctrine are derived from former Soviet doctrine. RASPUTIN contains a geographic database of Defense Mapping Agency (DMA) products for Europe, Southwest Asia and Korea. The database incorporates terrain features at 1:1,000,000 scale, and slope data at 1:250,000. The data can be partitioned by geographic area. DMA ITD and JOG products with terrain features at 1:250,000 are currently being integrated into RASPUTIN. RASPUTIN contains the Air Weather Service database of world-wide weather for the year 1988/89. The data includes all weather factors contained in the source database, at a resolution of three-hour intervals and 25 nautical mile grids. The data can be partitioned by geographic area. The system contains global fixed site databases for ports, airfields and military installations drawn from the Defense Intelligence Agency (DIA), Automated Installation Intelligence File (AIIF), and the Defense Mapping Agency Automated Airfield Information File (AAFIF). 4.0 Output Types With an appropriate interface, the scenarios generated in RASPUTIN can be formatted with the specific data required for an external simulator. A script for an external simulator can be fed directly into the simulator, or transferred on appropriate media. RASPUTIN currently has interfaces with the U.S. Army Tactical Simulation (TACSIM), the U.S. Army Corps Battle Simulation (CBS) and the Combat Service Support Training Simulation System (CSSTSS) for scenario initialization. 5.0 Concept of Operations RASPUTIN is designed to be used by anyone with basic computer skills who needs to create a scenario, regardless of his degree of expertise with military doctrine. The scenario builder must know what size and type of force he needs, where he will place and move the units, how he wants them to behave and when the activity will take place. A user with little military knowledge can rely on the expert system and data in RASPUTIN to produce a doctrinally plausible scenario. An experienced military scenarist can use the system-generated solution, or can tailor forces and deployments to create the situation he needs. The user can tailor forces to compose specific orders of battle by modifying the generic Blue or Orange organization, equipment and emitters associated with equipment. Force tailoring is done on a line-and-block chart display with windows for menu choices. The user places forces by selecting a unit, clicking on a map display at the desired location, and choosing posture, orientation and timing from menus. Once a force is placed, the user moves it by clicking on a map display at the movement objective, and indicating by menu choices movement posture, timing and actions at the objective such as placement posture and orientation. RASPUTIN then calculates the deployment and route selections using its expert system. The system places and moves ground forces from major unit down to individual vehicle, with associated emitters. Postures include assembly, defense, road march, movement-to-contact, and attack. RASPUTIN uses the geographic data base to determine appropriate placement locations and movement routes. For placement, the system considers linear terrain features such as roads and rivers in defining unit boundaries. For road movement postures, it considers suitable roads in selecting routes. For the attack posture, the system considers slope in selecting cross country routes. RASPUTIN places and moves naval forces from fleet down to individual ship, with associated emitters. Postures include port/at anchor; on station, opposed and unopposed; and in transit, opposed and unopposed. For placement and movement, the system automatically considers force capabilities for anti-air, anti-submarine and anti-surface warfare, as well as proximity to land in locating ships. For naval movement, RASPUTIN automatically selects routes that avoid land. The system places air forces in deployed posture at airfields from air force down to individual aircraft. RASPUTIN uses the fixed site databases to select suitable placement airfields for unit aircraft. A user who wants to depict a different deployment can change the force placement, and give specific movement parameters to the force. If the user enters a deployment that contradicts the doctrinal rules in the system, RASPUTIN will notify him of the violation; the user may override the violation, or re-enter the order. RASPUTIN is an interactive system. A RASPUTIN scenario can be displayed and reviewed graphically on the system terminal(s). 6.0 Validation Government acceptance testing included off-line analysis of the deployments produced by the system; they are doctrinally plausible as generic placements and movements. Blue organization, equipment and deployment doctrine are derived from U.S. military field manuals; Orange organization, equipment and deployment doctrine are derived from former Soviet doctrine as reflected in U.S. military field manuals. Organizational data is intentionally generic so that the user who only needs a basic military force can easily select one, and the expert user can tailor the generic data to exactly what he wants. Blue or Orange doctrine for placement and movement is also designed to produce the most frequently encountered deployment described in open source documents. 7.0 Other Documentation Functional Design Document, 30 Oct 90 Software Design Specifications, 30 Oct 90 Detailed Design Document, 17 Jan 91 System Requirements Specification Knowledge Representation and Processing, 24 Sep 91 System Acceptance Test Plan, 3 Mar 92 Data Base Definition, 1 Dec 92 Version 1.2 Acceptance Test Plan, 1 Feb 93 Version 1.2 Acceptance Test Report, 21 Oct 93 FAMSIM Interface Test Plan, 29 Oct 93 FAMSIM ICD (draft) Installation Test Procedures, version 1.2, undated Training Guide, version 1.2, undated Users Guide, version 1.2, (draft), undated 8.0 Availability RASPUTIN is designed to be used directly by the analyst or scenarist with basic computer skills to operate a mouse and a Windows-type environment. The user does not need extensive knowledge of military forces or deployments. RASPUTIN hardware is based on SUN SPARC 64 megabyte systems. Specific hardware architecture depends on the size of scenarios generated, and the users operational needs: Global Scenario Generation: 4 THEMIS SPARC 2SE 64 megabyte cards 8 2-gigabyte hard disks. 1 VME cage. 1 19" rack. 4 NCD 19" color X-terminals. 1 56-gigabyte electro-optical drive. 1 2-terabyte 8mm tape juke box with 4 drives. Ethernet multiport transceiver and cables. Uninterrupted power source.(recommended) Regional Scenario Generation (example for Europe): 1 or more SUN SPARC 4c (SPARC 2) 64 megabyte systems 4 2-gigabyte hard disks. 1 8mm Exabyte tape drive with compression. 1 NCD 19" color X-terminal.(optional) Uninterrupted power source.(recommended) RASPUTIN uses the following commercial off-the-shelf software: SOLARIS 1.X (SUN OS 4.1.X) operating system; SYBASE database management system; GENAMAP geographic information system; and PROKAPPA expert system. The system contains approximately 100,000 lines of code, all written in 'C'.